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IRS FORM 720 · QUARTERLY EXCISE

Pay the federal excise tax on what you sell.

Some products and services carry a federal excise tax: fuel, air travel, indoor tanning, heavy trucks, and health-plan fees, among others. If your business deals in one of them, you report and pay that tax every quarter on Form 720. We identify which excise taxes apply to you, calculate them, and file on time.

four quarters a year · by category · accuracy verified July 2026
What Form 720 is

A tax on specific goods and services.

Form 720 is the Quarterly Federal Excise Tax Return. Excise taxes are not general income taxes; they apply to particular things the government taxes at the point of sale or use, such as gasoline and diesel, air transportation, indoor tanning services, heavy highway trucks, sport fishing equipment, certain chemicals, and health-plan fees. If your business is in one of these lines, you collect or owe the tax and report it four times a year on Form 720. Most businesses never touch it; the ones that do usually have a single category that applies to them.

BosAI Tell me what you sell and I will identify which excise categories apply, calculate the tax, and track the quarterly dates, plus the once-a-year PCORI fee if you sponsor a health plan. I help you file accurately; I do not give tax advice. Meet BosAI →
4/yr
quarterly returns
30+
excise categories on the form
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the PCORI health-plan fee
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What you file

Only the parts that apply to you.

Form 720 is long because it covers every excise tax, but you complete only the lines for your activity. We fill in the category that fits and leave the rest blank.

Your quarterly excise returnCalculated, completed, and filed for you
  • The right categories completed. Only the excise lines that apply to your business, whether fuel, air transportation, tanning, or another.
  • The tax calculated. The amount owed for the quarter, worked out from your activity and the current rates.
  • The PCORI fee when it applies. The annual health-plan fee reported on the second-quarter return if you sponsor a self-insured plan.
  • A filed, paid record. Confirmation the return was filed and the tax paid, kept with your books for the quarter.
Who files it

Only if you are in a taxed line.

Form 720 is not a general business filing. It applies when your activity falls into one of the excise categories, and not otherwise.

Files Form 720
  • Sellers and users of taxed fuels, and many fuel-related businesses
  • Airlines and operators that collect the air transportation tax
  • Tanning salons collecting the indoor tanning tax, and retailers of heavy trucks and trailers
  • Employers and insurers that owe the PCORI fee on a health plan
Does not file
  • The majority of businesses, which are in no excise category at all
  • Companies whose only federal taxes are income and payroll
  • Sellers of goods that simply carry sales tax, which is a state matter
  • Businesses that once owed an excise tax but no longer operate in that line

Not sure whether an excise tax touches your business? The category list is specific. We can check your activity against it before you assume you owe nothing.

Deadlines and rules

Four quarters, and one yearly exception.

These figures are verified against current IRS guidance. Form 720 runs on a quarterly cycle, with the PCORI fee as the one item that is filed once a year rather than every quarter.

Form 720 at a glanceVerified against IRS guidance
Accuracy verified · July 2026
Quarterly deadlines
The return is due the last day of the month after each quarter: April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. When a date falls on a weekend or holiday, it moves to the next business day.
What it covers
Federal excise taxes on fuel, air transportation, indoor tanning, heavy trucks and trailers, sport fishing and archery equipment, certain chemicals and ozone-depleting products, communications, and more.
The PCORI fee
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research fee on self-insured health plans is the one Form 720 item filed annually, on the second-quarter return due July 31, rather than every quarter.
Semimonthly deposits
Many excise taxes must be deposited twice a month, ahead of the quarterly return, rather than paid only when you file. The return then reconciles what you deposited.
You file only your lines
The form lists every excise tax, but you complete only the categories that apply to your business and leave the rest blank.
Late filing and payment
Filing late or paying late brings penalties and interest, as with other federal taxes. Filing an accurate return on time avoids them.

Excise rates and the PCORI fee amount are updated periodically. We apply the current figures for your quarter before filing.

How filing works

From activity to a filed quarter.

  1. 1
    Identify your categories

    We match what your business sells or uses to the excise categories on the form.

  2. 2
    Calculate the tax

    We apply the current rates to your quarter, and track any semimonthly deposits along the way.

  3. 3
    File the quarterly return

    We complete only your lines and file by the deadline, including the annual PCORI fee when it applies.

  4. 4
    Confirm and repeat

    You get confirmation the return was filed and paid, and we carry the schedule into the next quarter.

Why File.Business

A long form with a narrow answer.

Form 720 intimidates because it lists dozens of taxes, but your business usually owes one of them. We find the right category, get the rate current, and keep the quarterly rhythm so nothing slips.

The right category

We match your activity to the excise lines that apply and skip the ones that do not.

Every quarter on time

We track the four deadlines and the once-a-year PCORI fee so none is missed.

Current rates and deposits

We apply up-to-date rates and keep any semimonthly deposits on schedule.

Clear, flat pricing

You see the price before you file, with no surprise add-ons. See pricing →

Questions and references

Form 720, answered.

Does my business have to file Form 720?

Only if you deal in something that carries a federal excise tax, such as fuel, air transportation, indoor tanning, heavy trucks, or a self-insured health plan owing the PCORI fee. Most businesses are in no excise category and never file it; the Tax Center lists the filings that may apply to you.

When is it due?

Quarterly, on the last day of the month after each quarter: April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. Dates that fall on a weekend or holiday move to the next business day, and the compliance calendar keeps all four on your radar.

What is the PCORI fee?

It is a fee on self-insured health plans, reported on Form 720. It is the one item that is annual rather than quarterly, filed on the second-quarter return due July 31.

Do I fill out the whole form?

No. The form lists every excise tax, but you complete only the lines for your activity and leave the rest blank. Most filers use a single category. It is separate from your income tax return, such as Form 1120, and from payroll returns like Form 941.

What are semimonthly deposits?

For many excise taxes, you must deposit the tax twice a month rather than wait for the quarterly return. The return then reconciles what you already deposited against what you owe.

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